Product Description

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly produced by macrophages and T cells, belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. It plays central roles in inflammation, immune regulation, and cell survival. TNFα functions primarily by binding to its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, thereby activating downstream signaling pathways including NF-κB and MAPK, which regulate inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. For example, during acute inflammation, TNFα promotes immune cell recruitment and tissue repair, whereas its persistent expression in chronic inflammation is associated with tissue damage. Beyond immune modulation, TNFα is involved in the induction of apoptosis, particularly in the killing of tumor cells. Dysregulation of TNFα activity is frequently observed in various disease states, such as autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, as well as in cancer where it exerts dual pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies against TNFα (e.g., infliximab, adalimumab) and receptor fusion proteins (e.g., etanercept) have been developed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, underscoring the critical role of TNFα in both immune homeostasis and pathogenesis.

Screeningbio’s TR-FRET Human TNFα Detection Kit can be used to measure the levels of Human TNFα protein in supernatants. This kit is a sandwich immunoassay developed using TR-FRET technology, characterized by simplicity, rapidity, high specificity, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility.

The basic principle of this method is as follows: a pair of specific antibodies are separately conjugated to TR-FRET Solar Eu (donor) and TR-FRET LA (acceptor). When both antibodies bind to distinct epitopes of the Human TNFα protein, the TR-FRET donor and acceptor are brought into close proximity. Upon excitation by an external light source, fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs between the donor and acceptor. The level of Human TNFα protein can then be determined by measuring the signal intensity at a specific wavelength (665 nm).